{"id":6041,"date":"2021-03-11T20:22:49","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T12:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lindin168.com\/?page_id=6041"},"modified":"2021-03-11T20:24:08","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T12:24:08","slug":"vaginal-en","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lindin168.com\/en\/knowledge-en\/vaginal-en","title":{"rendered":"Urogenital healthcare"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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<\/a><\/p>\n

The physiology and infection of female urinary and genital tract<\/h2>\n

The physiology of urinary system:<\/h3>\n

Kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra.<\/h4>\n

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI):
\nThe inflammation of urinary system caused by bacterial infection.
\nUTI can be classified into:
\nUpper urinary tract infection: acute pyelonephritis.
\nLower urinary tract infection: cystitis and urethritis.<\/p>\n

The physiology of female genital tract:<\/h3>\n

Vagina, cervix, uterus.<\/h4>\n

Vaginal infection:
\nThe imbalance in vaginal bacteria, changes in vaginal pH (normal pH range: 3.8-4.2), infection by bacteria, yeast or fungus.<\/p>\n

Vaginal infection is the disruption of the healthy vaginal microbiota, common causes are:<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. A: Microorganisms:
    \nCandidiasis: vaginitis caused by proliferation of Candida albicans
    \nBacterial vaginosis: vaginitis caused by increased growth of Gardnerella vaginalis
    \nTrichomoniasis: caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis<\/li>\n
  2. B: Changes in vaginal environment:
    \nDisruption of the healthy vaginal microbiota: Inappropriate vaginal douching
    \nChanges in vaginal pH: Sexual behavior, pregnancy or menopause.<\/li>\n
  3. C: Recurrent infection:
    \nCervicitis, erosion of cervix
    \ncervical endometritis in aging women
    \nPostoperation, catheter ablation or drug treatments.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    Major causes of vaginal infection<\/h2>\n

    <\/a><\/p>\n

    Symptoms of vaginal infection<\/h2>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    <\/td>\nBacterial vaginitis<\/td>\nCandidiasis<\/td>\nTrichomoniasis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pathogens<\/td>\nGardnerella vaginalis<\/td>\nC. albicans<\/td>\nTrichomonas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Color of vaginal discharge<\/td>\nGray<\/td>\nWhite<\/td>\nYellow, green,
    \neven dark red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Smell of discharge<\/td>\nFishy smell<\/td>\nNot obvious<\/td>\nFoul-smelling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Appearance of discharge<\/td>\nSticky<\/td>\nCottage cheese-like<\/td>\nFoamy, with pus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Itchy<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Frequent urination, burning sensation<\/td>\nMild<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Redness, swelling, pain<\/td>\nMild<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cervical bleeding<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\nYES Yes, petechial hemorrhage (dot-like bleeding)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Major causes of urinary tract infection:<\/h2>\n
      \n
    1. A. Physiological:
      \nThe close proximity of the urethral and vaginal openings and short urethra in females increase the risk of infection during sexual behaviors, pregnancy, and giving birth.<\/li>\n
    2. B. Urine contamination\n
        \n
      1. 1. Coughing or sneezing puts pressure on the bladder and cause urine leakage. If urine flow back up into bladder may cause infection.<\/li>\n
      2. 2. Congenital anomalies in urinary tract, e.g. valvular stenosis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
      3. C. Hygiene habits:
        \nAlways wipe in the opposite direction of the urethra to decrease risk of infection. Wipe from the back to the front after using the bathroom increases the risk.<\/li>\n
      4. D. Invasive treatments:
        \nFor example, urinary catheter contamination.<\/li>\n
      5. E. Metabolic disorders:
        \nFor example: diabetes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n

        Major causative agent of urinary tract infection:<\/h2>\n

        Approx. 90% cases of urinary tract infection were caused by E. coli.<\/h3>\n